World Brain Day: Spotting the Early Behavioral Signs of Alzheimer’s Disease & Dementia

Dementia often starts long before memory loss becomes obvious. In India, nearly 8.8 million adults aged 60 and older live with dementia, a figure projected to double by 2036. Yet, almost 90% of cases remain undiagnosed because early behavioral shifts are brushed off as normal aging.

On World Brain Day, Dr. Neetu Ramrakhiani – Director, Neurology , Fortis Hospital Jaipur and Dr. Vikas Gupta – Additional Director, Neurology , Fortis Hospital Jaipur highlight the early red flags so families can seek timely clinical help.

Early Behavioral Warning Signs
Dementia damages brain regions responsible for self-control, judgment, and emotional regulation. Early symptoms look like sudden personality shifts rather than forgetfulness. A loved one may withdraw from social life, lose interest in hobbies, or show rapid mood swings and unprovoked suspicion. Impaired judgment, such as falling for scams or making irrational financial choices, is common. Difficulty managing multi-step routines like cooking or organizing medications, as well as putting objects in strange places (like keys in the fridge), are key warning signs.

Who is at Higher Risk?
Age remains the main risk factor for adults over 65, but health and lifestyle factors play a huge role. Uncontrolled high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, and obesity restrict blood flow to the brain, accelerating cognitive decline. Family history, past head injuries, physical inactivity, social isolation, untreated hearing loss, and long-term air pollution exposure also increase risk.
How Doctors Test for Dementia
If behavioral changes persist for weeks, consult a neurologist or geriatric specialist. Diagnosis starts with simple cognitive screenings for memory and attention. Doctors then use MRI or PET scans to evaluate brain structure and rule out strokes or tumors. Simple blood tests are also conducted to check for treatable conditions like Vitamin B12 deficiency or thyroid imbalances.
Ways to Protect Your Brain Health & Seek Care
Protecting cognitive health relies on cardiovascular wellness. Manage blood pressure, sugar, and cholesterol through a balanced diet rich in greens, fruits, nuts, and healthy fats. Stay active with 150 minutes of weekly exercise and brain-stimulating activities like reading or puzzles. Prioritize 7 to 8 hours of sleep to clear metabolic waste and stay socially connected. While there is no cure, early medical intervention and a strong care team help manage symptoms effectively and preserve quality of life.